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ARE CLOUDS THE SAME AS FOG? Clouds are condensations of moisture in the atmosphere. Any of the following experiments help you realize that real clouds are formed similarly through the cooling and condensation brought about by the expansion of rising air. Do these projects under adult supervision. a. Pour a cup of warm water into a transparent wide-mouthed gallon jar. Hold a lighted match in the jar, and blow the match out, letting it remain in the jar briefly. Now put a plastic bag in the jar, turn the edge of the bag over the jar rim, and fasten the bag securely with rubber bands. Hold the jar firmly on the table with one hand, and with the other hand quickly pull upwards on the plastic bag. You will see a cloud form inside the bag; when the bag is released, the cloud will disappear. The cloud forms for several reasons: (1) The air in the jar contains invisible water vapor; (2) the air pressure inside the jar was reduced by the lighted match; (3) there are many small particles from the match in the air. As the air inside the jar expands, it cools, and the water vapor condenses as liquid around the smoke particles to form the minute droplets that make up the cloud. Test to see if a cloud can be made: (1) without putting water in the jar, (2) with cold water instead of warm, and (3) with water but without smoke, and so on. b. Obtain two identical wide-mouthed jars. Line half of the inside of each jar with a soft black cloth. Add glue to hold the cloths in place, then soak the cloths with water. Cover each jar with a square of glass or plastic, and set them upright, one in a pan of cold water, the other in a pan of very hot water. Leave the jars in the water for 15 minutes, then remove them from the pans. Set the cold jar upside down over the warm jar, leaving the glass squares over the openings. Hold a flashlight so that it shines down through both jars, then carefully remove the glass squares. A cloud will form as the warm moist air rises and comes in contact with the cooler air above. Experiment by repeating the activity and reversing the positions of the jars. Tiny tissue paper streamers can be placed inside the jars to indicate the direction of air flow. If possible, observe cloud formations outdoors. Make a judgment about the relationship of hot and cold air masses, based upon your experimental model. Why are clouds flat on the bottoms?  Any problems with this page? Send URL to
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